Catharism spread widely across Languedoc during the 12th century, especially among the nobility and townsfolk. This alarmed the Catholic Church, which launched the Albigensian Crusade (1209–1229) to eliminate the heresy. The crusade was marked by brutal warfare, sieges, and massacres, fundamentally altering Languedoc’s political and social landscape.
The fall of the Cathar strongholds like Montségur and the suppression of the movement led to the gradual integration of Languedoc into the French crown’s domain. Yet, the legacy of the Cathars and the crusade remains a potent symbol of religious conflict and resistance.
Castles of the Cathars
The region is dotted with spectacular castles known as the Cathar Castles—such as Château de Peyrepertuse, Château de Quéribus, and Château de Puilaurens—which were once refuges for Cathar defenders. These castles perched on rugged cliffs evoke the dramatic history and romantic aura of medieval Languedoc. shutdown123